Republic of Belarus
(History of Belarus in dates)


Saturday 10th 2008f May 2008

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The first people on the Belarusian territory

100-35 thousand years B.C.

Appearance of the first people on the Belarusian territory.

24 thousand years B.C.

Upperpalaeolithic site of ancient man near village Jurovichi in Kalinkovichi district.

21 thousand years B.C.

Upperpalaeolithic site near village Berdyzh Chechersk district.

Principality of Polazk

862

The first record of Polazk in «Povest' vremennyh let» («Story of temporal years»); Principality of Polazk is the first state of Belarusians.

near 980

Capture of Polazk by the Duke of Novgorod Vladimir Svjatoslavovich and murder of the Duke of Polazk Ragvalod.

988

Adoption of Christianity in Kiew Rus.

(?) - before 1001

Government in Polazk of the Duke Izjaslav Vladimirovich.

988-1015

Government in Turaw of the Duke Svjatopolk Vladimirovich.

992

Establishment of eparchy in Polazk.

1003-1044

Government in Polazk of the Duke Brjachislav Izjaslavavich.

1019

The first record of Brest in chronicle.

1021

The campaign of the Duke of Polazk Brjachislav Izjaslavavich to Novgorod. The first record of Vetebsk in chronicle (the date of beginnings is considered 974 - in accordance with the Chronicle of Vitebsk by Pancirnyj and Averka).

50s of XI century

The building of Cathedral of Sofia in Polazk.

1044-1101

Government in Polazk of the Duke Useslaw Brjachilavovich Charodej (The Wizard).

1066

The campaign of the Duke of Polazk Useslaw Brjachilavovich to Novgorod.

1067

The first record in «Povest' vremennyh let» of Minsk (Men'sk, Menesk). The battle on the river of Njamiga between armies of the Duke of Polazk Useslaw and dukes of Kiew Jaroslavovichs.

near 1120-1173

The life and work Belarusian Enlightener Ewfrasinia of Polazk.

1161

Creation by Lazar Bogsha of Belarusian national value – the Cross of Ewfrasinia of Polazk.

near 1130-1182

The life and work of Kiryl of Turaw.

1203, 1206, 1216

The campaign of armed force of Polazk against crusaders.

1240

The participation of Belarusians in the battle on the river Neva.

1242

The participation of Belarusians in the battle on the lake Chudskoe.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania

middle of the XIII century

The foundation in Upper Neman region of the state with Novogorodok (present-day region of Grodno in Republic of Belarus) as centre — the base of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia, Zhemotia (GDL); the origin of the great Belarusian state; this territory was inhabited by Lituvins (one of the ancestors of present-day Belarusians).

middle of the XIII century - 1293

Government of Mindowg in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

middle of the XIII century – 1323

The capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is in Novogorodok.

1253

The coronation of Mindowg in Novogorodok.

1293-1316

Government of Viten' in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1314

The victory of the army under the command of the head of Grodno David over crusaders near Novogorodok.

1316-1341

Government of Gedymin in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1323

Transfer of the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Vil'no.

1322 or 1323

The defeat of German and Danish knights near Pskow by retinue of David, the head of Grodno.

1345-1377

Government of Al'gerd in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1362

The victory over Tatars on the river Sinije Vody (Blue Water).

1377-1392

Government of Jagajlo in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

the 8th of September 1380

The Kulikovskaja Battle. The Dukes Andrej Al'gerdovich (of Polazk), Dmitryj Al'gerdovich and Dmitryj Babrok Volynski with their armies took part in the battle.

the 14th of August 1385

The Union of Kreva (the union treaty) between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.

1390

Receiving by Brest of Magdeburg rights.

1392

The cessation of the Union by Vitawt.

1392-1430

Government of Vitawt in the Grand Duchy of Lituania.

XV ñò.

The achievement by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of its greatest might. The territory of the state reached the Baltic Sea and Belostok (present-day in Poland) in the west, Moscow region in the east, Dvinsk (present-day Daugaupils in Latvija) in the north, the Black Sea in the south.

the 15th of July 1410

The Battle of Gruenewald. The defeat of Teutonic Order by the joint armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.

1413

The Union of Grodno between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.

1422

The people of Zhamojtia (the ancestors of present-day Lithuanians) were provided with the citizenship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; appearance in the official name of the state of word «Zhamojtskae».

1430-1432

Government of Svidrygajla in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1432-1436

The Civil War in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1436-1440

Government of Zhygimont Kejstutovich in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1440-1492

Government of Kazimir in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1468

Promulgation of Sudebnik (Judge Book) of Kazimir.

near 1460-1530

The life and work of Astrozhski, the military and politic figure of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

near 1470 - near 1533

The life and work of Gusovski.

near 1490 - near 1551

The life and work of Franzisk Skaryna.

1492-1506

Government of Aljaksandr in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1498

Receiving by Polazk of Magdeburg rights.

1499

Receiving by Minsk (Mensk) of Magdeburg rights.

1500-1503

The War between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1506

The defeat of Tatars near Klezk by army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania headed by Glinski.

1506-1548

Government of Zhygimont the Oldest in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1507-1508

The War of the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1508

The rebellion of Glinski.

the 8th of September 1514

The Battle of Orsha. The defeat of Moscow army by army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania headed by Astrozhski.

1517-1519

Publishing of the first Belarusian books in Prague by Franzisk Skaryna.

1520

Establishment of the first printing-house in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Vil'no.

1529

Adoption of the I Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1530-1593

The life and work of Budny.

near 1540-1600

The life and work of Tjapinski.

1548-1572

Government of Zhygimont the II August in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1557

Promulgation of «Ustavy na voloki».

1558-1583

The Livonian War.

1562

Establishment of the printing-house in Nesvizh.

1565

The administrative and judicial reforms in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1566

Adoption of the II Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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The Union state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland (Rech Pospolitaja)

the 1st of July 1569

The Union of Lublin — unification of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland in the united state — Rech Pospolitaja.

1572-1630

THe life and work of Smotrytski.

1579

Establishment of the Jesuit academy of Vil'no (university to be).

1582

The armistice of Jam-Zapol' between state of Moscow and Rech Pospolitaja.

1587-1632

Government of Zhygimont Vase in Rech Pospolitajt.

1588

Adoption of the III Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1596

The church union of Brest. Establishment of the Union Church in Belarus and Ukraine.

1606, 1610

The revolt of townspeople of Mogilev against town council.

1629-1680

The life and work of Polazski.

near 1634-1689

The life and work of Ljaschynski.

1648-1651

The Cossack-peasant War in Belarus.

1654-1667

The war between Russian and Rech Pospolitaja.

1700-1721

The North War of Russia against Sweden.

the 9th of October 1708

The defeat of Swedish corps of general Levengaupt by Russian army near village Lesnaja.

1740-1744

The peasant revolt in district of Krichaw.

1768

The decision of Seim of Rech Pospolitaja on an equalization of rights of Orthodox and Protestant people with Catholics.

1772

The first partition of Rech Pospolitaja; the eastern part of Belarus is included in the Russian Empire.

the 3rd of May 1791

Adoption of the Constitution by the Seim of Rech Pospolitaja.

1793

The second partition of Rech Pospolitaja; the central part of Belarus is included in the Russian Empire.

1794

The popular-liberation uprising headed by Kastjushka.

1795

The third partition of Rech Pospolitaja. Complete absorption of Belarus by the Russian Empire.

Belarus a part of the Russian Empire («North-West country»)

1807-1884

The life and work of Dunin-Martsinkevich.

1810

The set up of military colonies in Belarus.

the 12th of June 1812

The invasion of Napoleon the Ist in Russian.

the 1st of July 1812

Establishment of the Provisional Government of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1830-1831

The gentry revolt in Poland, Belarus, right-bank Ukraine and Lithuania-Zhamojtia.

1831

The abolition of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces.

1830s - 1919

The policy of active russification in Belarus.

1832

Closing of the University of Vil'no.

1838-1864

The life and work of Kalinowski.

1839

The abolition of the Union Church in Belarus.

1840-1900

The life and work of Bagushevich.

1840

The decree of Nikolaj the Ist on abolition of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Vil'no, Grodno and Minsk provinces.

the 18th of July 1840

The prohibition of using in official acts of names «Belarus» and «Litva». 

1848

Establishment of the agricultural institute in Gore-Goritse.

1840s - middle 1850s

The reform of Kiselev in the state country and inventory reform in landowner's country.

the 19th of February 1861

The abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire.

1863-1864

The revolt in Belarus and Lithuania-Zhamotija headed by Kalinowski.

1873-1875

The origin of the first narodnik's (populists) groups in Belarusian towns.

1876

The strike of workmen of Minsk's railway workshops.

1879-1882

Work in Minsk of groups of the organisation «Black revision».

1880-1889

Work in Minsk of groups of «Narodnaja volja» («Popular liberty»).

1885

The origin of the first workers' groups in Minsk.

1897

The first conference of representatives of Jewish Social-Democratic organisations in Vil'no. The establishment of Bund.

the 1st-3rd (13th-15th) of March 1898

The first conference of Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) in Minsk.

1902

The establishment of the party of Socialists-Revolutioners (esers).

1903

The establishment of the Belarusian Socialist Mass (BSM).

1904

The establishment of Pales'je and North-West committees of RSDWP.

1905-1907

The first Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution in Russia.

1906

The beginning of publishing of the first legal Belarusian newspapers «Nasha dolja» and «Nasha niva».

1906-1911

«Stalypins» agrarian reform. The departure of Belarusian peasants in Russia.

1907-1913

The work of the first Belarusian theatre troupe of Bujnitski.

1911

The Law on introduction of zemstvo in Vitebsk, Mogilev and Minsk provinces.

the 19th of July 1914

The declaration of war against Russia by Germany and Austria-Hungary.

1915

The occupation of Belarus (line Dvinsk - Postavy - Baranavichy - Pinsk) by German army.

March 1916

The offensive of Russian army on the West front is the area of lake Naroch.

the 27th of February 1917

The February Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution in Russia.

Attempts of restoration of national independence

March 1917

Establishment of Minsk, Gomel, Vitebsk and other Soviets of workers' and soldier's deputies.

the 25th-27th of March 1917

The conference of Belarusian national-democratic organisations (Minsk). Establishment of Belarusian National Committee (BNC).

June 1917

The Establishment of West oblast'.

the 8th-10th of July 1917

The second conference of national-democratic organisations (Minsk). The Establishment of the Central Belarusian Rada (CBR).

the 15th-18th of September 1917

The first North-West oblast' conference of RSDWP(b) in Minsk. The Establishment of the North-West oblast' Committee of RSDWP(b).

the 15th-17th of October 1917

The IInd session of CBR.

the 25th of October 1917

The victory of armed revolt in Petrograd.

October - November 1917

Establishment of the Soviet regime on the non-occupied territory of Belarus.

the 26th of November 1917

The establishment of the Oblast's executive committee of the Soviet of deputies of West oblast' and front (Ablispkomzap) and the Soviet of people's commissars of West oblast'.

the 15th-17th of December 1917

The Ist All-Belarusian Congress of representatives of Belarusian parties and organisations.

the 12th of January 1918

The beginning of the revolt of the corps of general Dawbar-Musnitski against the Soviet regime.

the 31st of January 1918

The Decree of the Soviet of people's commissars (SPC) of RSFSR on the establishment of the Belarusian national commissariat (Belnatskam).

the 18th of February 1918

The beginning of offensive of the German forces and occupation of the Central and Eastern Belarus.

the 20th-21st of February 1918

The establishment in Minsk (on behalf of the Rada All-Belarusian Congress) of the People's secretariat of Belarus — the first Belarusian government after break-up of the Russian Empire.

the 3rd of March 1918

The signing of peace treaty in Brest between RSFSR and Germany.

the 9th of March 1918

The proclamation of Belarusian People's Republic (BPR).

the 18th of March 1918

The renaming of the Rada of the All-Belarusian Congress in the Rada of BPR.

the 25th of March 1918

The declaration of independence of Belarusian People's Republic (BPR).

November - December 1918

The liberation of Belarus from German invaders.

the 1st of January 1919

The proclamation of the Soviet Socialistic Republic of Belarusija (S.S.R.B.). The establishment of the Provisional workers'-peasants' government of Belarus headed by Zhylunovich.

the 1st of January 1919 – the begenning of 1920s

The partial action of RSFSR's legislation on the territory of Belarus.

the 2nd-3rd of February 1919

The Ist All-Belarsian Congress of Soviets. The adoption of the first Constitution of SSRB. Election of the CEC (central executive committee) of Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialistic Republic (LitBelSSR).

1919-1939

The polonisation of west Belarusian territory.

the 27th of February 1919

The first joint meeting of the CEC LitBelSSR and the CEC SSRB.

March 1919 - October 1920